Vector Search RAG Tutorial – Combine Your Data with LLMs with Advanced Search

freeCodeCamp.org
11 Dec 202371:46

TLDRThis tutorial demonstrates how to integrate vector search with large language models (LLMs) for advanced data processing. It covers three projects: building a semantic search for movies, creating a question-answering app using the RAG architecture, and modifying a chatbot to answer queries based on official documentation. The use of vector embeddings and MongoDB Atlas Vector Search is highlighted, showing how they can enhance AI applications by providing semantic similarity searches and leveraging external databases for more informed responses.

Takeaways

  • 🌟 Vector search and embeddings can be used to combine data with large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 for advanced search functionalities.
  • 🔍 The course introduces vector embeddings as a digital way of sorting and describing items, turning them into numerical vectors for easier mathematical processing.
  • 📈 Vector search is a method that understands the meaning or context of a query, different from traditional search engines that look for exact matches.
  • 🧠 LLMs have limitations such as generating inaccurate information, not having access to local data, and a limit on the text they can process in one interaction.
  • 💡 The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture addresses LLM limitations by using vector search to retrieve relevant documents and provide context for more informed responses.
  • 🛠️ The tutorial demonstrates creating a semantic search feature for movie recommendations using Python, machine learning models, and Atlas Vector Search.
  • 📚 A question-answering app is built using RAG, Atlas Vector Search, and the Lang Chain framework, which can answer questions using your own data.
  • 🔗 The course shows how to modify a chatbot to answer questions about contributing to a curriculum based on official documentation, using vector search and LLMs.
  • 🎯 The use of MongoDB Atlas Vector Search allows for semantic similarity searches on data, integrating with LLMs to build AI-powered applications.
  • 📊 The tutorial covers the process of creating vector embeddings for documents, creating a vector search index, and using these for semantic search and information retrieval.
  • 🔧 The course provides practical guidance on developing AI applications that leverage both machine learning models and vector databases to enhance search and data processing capabilities.

Q & A

  • What is the primary focus of the Vector Search RAG Tutorial?

    -The primary focus of the Vector Search RAG Tutorial is to teach users how to combine their data with large language models like GPT-4 using vector search and embeddings, through the development of three projects.

  • What are the three projects included in the tutorial?

    -The three projects include building a semantic search feature for finding movies using natural language queries, creating a simple question answering app using the RAG architecture, and modifying a chat GPT clone to answer questions about contributing to the FricoCamp.org curriculum based on official documentation.

  • What is the significance of vector embeddings in the context of the tutorial?

    -Vector embeddings are significant as they allow for the digital sorting or describing of items. They turn words, images, or any other data into a list of numbers (vector) that can be processed mathematically to understand and find similarities, which is crucial for tasks like semantic search and AI interaction.

  • How does MongoDB Atlas Vector Search integrate with LLMs?

    -MongoDB Atlas Vector Search integrates with LLMs by allowing semantic similarity searches on data, which can then be used to build AI-powered applications. It stores vector embeddings alongside source data and metadata, enabling fast semantic similarity searches using an approximate nearest neighbors algorithm.

  • What is the role of the Hugging Face inference API in the tutorial?

    -The Hugging Face inference API is used to generate vector embeddings for text data. It provides an open-source platform for building, training, and deploying machine learning models, making it easy to use machine learning models via API for tasks like semantic search.

  • What is the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture?

    -The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture is designed to address limitations of LLMs by retrieving relevant documents based on the input query and using these documents as context to generate more informed and accurate responses. It minimizes 'hallucinations' and ensures responses reflect the most current and accurate information available.

  • How does the RAG architecture improve upon the limitations of LLMs?

    -The RAG architecture improves upon LLMs by grounding the model's responses in factual information from retrieved documents, ensuring responses are up-to-date and accurate. It also makes the model's use of tokens more efficient by retrieving only the most relevant documents for generating a response.

  • What is the purpose of creating a vector search index in MongoDB Atlas?

    -Creating a vector search index in MongoDB Atlas allows for efficient similarity searches on the data. It enables the comparison of vectors to find the best matches, providing a powerful tool for searching through large and complex data sets based on semantic similarity.

  • How does the tutorial demonstrate the use of vector search in a real-world project?

    -The tutorial demonstrates the use of vector search in a real-world project by building a question-answering app that uses RAG architecture and Atlas Vector Search to answer questions using the user's own data. It shows how to combine the capabilities of open AI's language models, MongoDB Atlas vector search, and Lang Chain to process and answer complex queries.

  • What are the benefits of using vector search for semantic search?

    -Using vector search for semantic search allows for a more natural language understanding and processing of queries. It can capture the intent behind the query and find results that are semantically similar, rather than just matching exact keywords, leading to more relevant and meaningful search results.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Vector Search and Embeddings

The paragraph introduces the course's focus on using vector search and embeddings to integrate data with large language models like GPT-4. It outlines three projects: building a semantic search feature for movies, creating a question-answering app using RAG architecture, and modifying a chatbot to answer questions about contributing to a curriculum based on official documentation. The course will cover the basics of vector embeddings, their role in semantic similarity searches, and their integration with MongoDB Atlas Vector Search for AI-powered applications.

05:01

🚀 Setting Up MongoDB Atlas Account and Project

This paragraph details the process of creating a MongoDB Atlas account and setting up a new project. It guides through the steps of creating a deployment, selecting the free tier options, and setting up authentication. The speaker also discusses loading sample data related to movies into the MongoDB instance and using this data for the first project, which involves implementing semantic search for movie recommendations.

10:07

🔍 Creating and Testing Embeddings with Hugging Face API

The speaker explains the process of creating embeddings using the Hugging Face inference API, which is a free way to generate embeddings. The paragraph covers the steps of setting up the API, generating an embedding for a given text, and testing the function to ensure it works correctly. The speaker also discusses the limitations of the free API and the need for a paid plan if rate limits are exceeded.

15:13

🧠 Generating and Storing Embeddings for Movie Plots

This section describes the process of generating vector embeddings for the plot summaries of movie documents in the MongoDB database. It explains how to execute an operation to create embeddings for a subset of the data and store these embeddings in the database. The speaker also discusses the potential of using natural language queries to find movies with similar plots based on these embeddings.

20:18

🔎 Building and Using a Vector Search Index

The paragraph explains the creation of a vector search index in MongoDB Atlas to enable semantic searches based on the embeddings. It details the steps of selecting the database and collection, naming the index, and specifying the field and dimensionality for indexing. The speaker also discusses the use of a similarity metric and the creation of a K nearest neighbor vector type for efficient similarity searches.

25:24

🤖 Integrating Vector Search with Natural Language Queries

This section demonstrates how to perform a vector search using the aggregation pipeline stage in MongoDB to find documents semantically similar to a provided natural language query. It explains the process of generating an embedding for the query, setting up the aggregation pipeline, and optimizing parameters for the search. The speaker also discusses the limitations of searching only a subset of the data and the potential results of searching the entire database.

30:27

🛠️ Utilizing RAG Architecture and Atlas Vector Search for QA

The paragraph discusses the limitations of large language models (LLMs) and how the retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) architecture can address these issues. It explains how RAG uses vector search to retrieve relevant documents and provides these as context for the LLM to generate more informed responses. The speaker also introduces the concept of using RAG with Atlas Vector Search to build a question-answering application using custom data.

35:32

🔧 Building a Question Answering App with Custom Data

This section outlines the process of building a question-answering application using custom data. It introduces the technologies used, including the LANG Chain framework, OpenAI API, and Grideo library. The speaker explains the steps of installing necessary packages, creating API keys, and setting up the environment for the application. The paragraph also covers the process of loading documents and ingesting text and vector embeddings into a MongoDB collection.

40:34

📄 Preprocessing Documents for Vector Embeddings

The paragraph details the process of preprocessing documents for vector embeddings. It explains how to access the database, initialize the directory loader, and define the OpenAI embedding model. The speaker also discusses the steps of vectorizing text from documents and inserting the embeddings into the specified MongoDB collection. The paragraph provides a brief overview of the code used in the load data and extract information files.

45:41

🔍 Enhancing Search with Atlas Vector Search and RAG

This section describes the process of enhancing search capabilities with Atlas Vector Search and the RAG architecture. It explains how to create a search index in MongoDB Atlas, define a query data function that converts input queries into vectors, and perform a similarity search to retrieve the most relevant document. The speaker also discusses the integration of OpenAI's language models, MongoDB vector search, and LANG Chain to efficiently process and answer complex queries.

50:45

🌐 Testing the Question Answering Application

The paragraph presents a test of the question-answering application developed in the tutorial. It demonstrates how the application can retrieve and process information from custom data using vector search and RAG. The speaker provides examples of different types of queries, such as retrieving specific information, summarizing conversations, and performing sentiment analysis. The results show how the application can provide more refined and context-specific answers by leveraging custom data and advanced AI technologies.

55:49

📚 Final Project: Chatbot for Free Code Camp Documentation

The final project involves creating a chatbot that can answer questions about contributing to Free Code Camp using the official documentation. The paragraph explains the process of updating the chatbot application to access custom data from the Free Code Camp documentation. It covers the steps of creating embeddings for the documentation, setting up a vector search index, and updating the API routes to utilize these embeddings. The speaker also demonstrates how the chatbot can provide answers based on the official documentation, enhancing the user experience with relevant and accurate information.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Vector Search

Vector search is a method used to find and retrieve information that is most similar or relevant to a given query. It transforms both the search query and the items in the database into vectors and then compares these vectors to find the best matches. In the context of the video, vector search leverages vector embeddings to understand the content and context of both the query and the database items, efficiently finding and ranking the most relevant results. This is particularly useful for semantic search, which aims to match the intent behind a user's natural language query with the most appropriate information in a database.

💡Embeddings

Embeddings are a digital representation of words, phrases, or documents as vectors in a high-dimensional space. They capture the semantic meaning of the text, allowing for comparison and mathematical operations. In the video, embeddings are used to convert items such as movie plots or documentation text into vectors that can be understood by a search engine. This enables tasks like semantic search, where the search engine can find items that are contextually similar to a user's query, not just exact matches. For example, the video describes using embeddings to find movies based on natural language queries or to answer questions using a question-answering app.

💡Large Language Models (LLMs)

Large Language Models (LLMs) are artificial intelligence models that are trained on vast amounts of text data to understand and generate human-like language. They are capable of various language tasks, such as translation, summarization, and question-answering. In the video, LLMs like GPT-4 are combined with vector search and embeddings to create applications that can understand and respond to natural language queries. The video discusses how LLMs can sometimes generate inaccurate information, but this can be mitigated by grounding the model's responses in factual information retrieved through vector search.

💡RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an architecture that combines the strengths of retrieval-based methods and generative pre-trained models to produce more informed and accurate responses. RAG uses vector search to retrieve relevant documents based on the input query and provides these documents as context to the LLM, which then generates a response. This approach helps to minimize the 'hallucinations' often seen in LLMs by grounding the model's responses in factual and up-to-date information. The video demonstrates how RAG can be used with Atlas Vector Search to build a question-answering application that leverages a user's own data.

💡Atlas Vector Search

Atlas Vector Search is a feature provided by MongoDB that allows for semantic similarity searches on data. It enables the storage of vector embeddings alongside source data and metadata, and these embeddings can be queried using an aggregation pipeline to perform fast semantic similarity searches using an approximate nearest neighbors algorithm. In the video, Atlas Vector Search is used in conjunction with LLMs to build AI-powered applications, such as a semantic search feature for movie recommendations and a question-answering app that uses the RAG architecture.

💡Semantic Search

Semantic search refers to the process of finding information based on its meaning or context, rather than just exact matches. It uses techniques like vector embeddings and natural language processing to understand the intent behind a user's query. In the video, semantic search is implemented by transforming both the search query and the database items into vectors and then comparing these vectors to identify the most relevant results. An example given is a movie recommendation system that can understand natural language queries and return movies with similar themes or plots.

💡Hugging Face

Hugging Face is an open-source platform that provides tools for building, training, and deploying machine learning models, particularly in the field of natural language processing. In the video, Hugging Face is used to access pre-trained models for generating vector embeddings. The platform offers an API that can be used to create embeddings for text, which are then used in conjunction with vector search to perform semantic searches and power AI applications.

💡MongoDB Atlas

MongoDB Atlas is a cloud-based service provided by MongoDB that allows users to host, manage, and scale their MongoDB databases from anywhere. It offers various features like automated backups, monitoring, and global deployment. In the video, MongoDB Atlas is used to create a database and deployment for storing sample movie data and vector embeddings. It is also used to create a vector search index that enables semantic similarity searches on the stored data, which is crucial for the development of the AI-powered applications discussed in the tutorial.

💡JavaScript

JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript standard. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting event-driven, functional, and imperative (including object-oriented and prototype-based) programming styles. In the context of the video, JavaScript is mentioned as the programming language used for the final project, where a chat GPT clone is modified to answer questions about contributing to the FricoCamp.org curriculum based on the official documentation. JavaScript's versatility and its common use in web development make it a suitable choice for creating interactive web-based applications.

💡OpenAI

OpenAI is an artificial intelligence research and deployment company that aims to ensure that artificial general intelligence (AGI)—highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work—benefits all of humanity. In the video, OpenAI provides the GPT-4 model and an embedding model used for generating vector embeddings. The video also mentions the use of OpenAI's API for accessing these models, which is crucial for creating the AI-powered applications discussed, such as the semantic search for movie recommendations and the question-answering app using the RAG architecture.

Highlights

This tutorial teaches how to combine data with large language models like GPT-4 using vector search and embeddings.

Three projects will be developed, including a semantic search feature for movies, a question answering app using RAG architecture, and a modified chatbot for FricoCamp.org curriculum.

Vector embeddings are used to organize and describe objects in a digital way, turning items into a list of numbers that can be processed mathematically.

Vector search enables semantic similarity searches, understanding the meaning or context of a query to find relevant results.

MongoDB Atlas Vector Search integrates with LLMs to build AI-powered applications, allowing for semantic searches on data.

The tutorial demonstrates how to use Atlas Vector Search in applications and the benefits of its basic free tier.

The first project involves creating a semantic search for movie recommendations using a sample movie dataset and the HuggingFace LM L6 V2 model.

The process of setting up a MongoDB Atlas account and deploying a new project is outlined, including the provisioning and authentication steps.

The tutorial covers the creation of vector embeddings for movie plots and storing them in MongoDB using the HuggingFace inference API.

The creation and use of a vector search index in MongoDB Atlas is detailed, allowing for efficient semantic similarity searches.

The limitations of LLMs, such as factual inaccuracy and lack of access to local data, are discussed as motivation for using RAG architecture.

RAG uses vector search to retrieve relevant documents and provides them as context to LLMs for generating more informed responses.

The second project demonstrates building a question answering app using RAG, Atlas Vector Search, and the Lang Chain framework with OpenAI models.

The tutorial also shows how to use the OpenAI embedding model and API for creating embeddings and generating text responses.

A chatbot is modified to answer questions about contributing to the FricoCamp.org curriculum based on official documentation.

The final project illustrates the potential of combining advanced AI models with database technologies to create powerful, customized information retrieval systems.